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A penal colony in Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni, French Guiana, established in response to prison overcrowding in France, operated from 1852 to 1946. The town of Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni, founded in 1880, mainly housed guards and liberated prisoners. The prison served as a temporary stop for most inmates, with only a few staying long-term. Upon arrival, prisoners were sorted and separated based on behavior and nationality, and some feigned illnesses to plot escapes. Those who remained in Saint-Laurent experienced relatively better treatment, with simpler tasks, freedom within the prison, and improved rations. Notorious camps like Charvein earned the nickname "Camp de la Mort" (camp of death). The entire colonial penal system was abolished in 1946.